Fabrication and characterization of biopolymer-based films and coatings loaded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 for preservation of fresh-cut apples

This study presents the development of active films and edible coatings based on pectin–locust bean gum (LBG) matrices enriched with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1, incorporating both probiotic and postbiotic components, for the preservation of fresh-cut apples. Films were formulated with varying concentrations of glycerol (0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5%) to assess the viability of incorporated bacteria and 1% glycerol yielding the highest viability (8.15–8.47 log CFU/mL). The addition of probiotics and postbiotics significantly enhanced the mechanical strength and barrier properties of the films. Moreover, the composite films demonstrated lower water solubility (71.44%) compared to the control (pectin/LBG) film (81.13%). Structural, functional, and thermal characterization revealed notable differences in morphology and stability. When applied as an edible coating on apple slices, the films effectively maintained physicochemical quality and inhibited microbial growth over a 7-day storage period. These findings highlight a promising and sustainable strategy for developing bioactive packaging materials with improved performance through the incorporation of probiotic and postbiotic agents.