An Overview of the Microbiological, Nutritional, Sensory and Potential Health Aspects of Tree Nut-Based Beverages

In recent years, the rise in food allergies and intolerances, combined with the increasing consumer preference for healthier, plant-based alternatives to traditional dairy products, has driven the development of a diverse range of plant-based beverages. Among these, tree nut-based beverages, “ready-to-drink” products made from nuts such as almonds, hazelnuts, pistachios, walnuts, brazil nut, macadamia, cashew nut, coconut, pine nut, have gained significant popularity. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the microbiological, nutritional, and sensory properties of tree nut-based beverages, highlighting their ability to deliver essential nutrients such as healthy fats, proteins, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, these beverages provide a rich source of bioactive compounds (e.g., antioxidants, polyphenols) that can contribute to health benefits such as reducing oxidative stress, supporting cardiovascular health, and promoting overall well-being. The review also highlights the ability of different species of lactic acid bacteria to enhance flavour profiles and increase the bioavailability of certain bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, further research is essential to optimize the production methods, improve sensory characteristics, and address challenges related to cost, scalability, and consumer acceptance. Continued innovation in this area may position tree nut beverages as a key component of plant-based food models, contributing to the promotion of healthier eating patterns.