Degradation of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A by bacterial strains originating from contaminated vineyard soils

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin denoted by a nephrotoxic activity contaminating several foodstuffs. Nowadays, the biological systems for OTA degradation to the less toxic OT? aroused great interest by the scientific community. In the present study, bacteria able to biodegrade OTA were isolated from soil samples collected in OTA-contaminated vineyards. Soil samples were collected from five vineyards of Negroamaro and Primitivo grape cultivars in Salento (Southern Italy). They were cultured in appropriate media added with OTA, mycotoxin degradation was determined by HPLC/FLC analysis and bacterial colonies were isolated by plating. Clonal relationships between isolates was assessed by using an automated rep-PCR system and then each strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 225 bacterial isolates were able to convert OTA in OT?. The molecular analysis of the above isolates showed the presence of 27 different strains (rep-PCR profiles). The sequence analysis of the 16S-rRNA gene indicated that they belonged to five bacterial genera: Pseudomonas, Leclercia, Pantoea, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter. Additional assessment of OTA-degrading capacity of the 27 strains indicated that only the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain 396.1 and the A. sp. strain neg1 conserved the above property: both strains were further studied thus showing that they were able to convert 82% and 91% OTA into OT? in 6 days at 24°C, respectively. The occurrence of OT?, as the sole OTA-degradation product was established by LC-MS/MS.This is the first description on OTA biodegradation under aerobic conditions and moderate temperature by bacterial strains from agricultural soils. These microorganisms might be used to detoxify OTA contaminated feed and could be a resource for the development of a new enzymatic detoxification system.