Genomic Characterisation of Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL2085 Unveiling Probiotic Traits for Application in Cattle Feed

Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL2085, isolated from feedlot cattle rations, displayed high efficiency as a probiotic when administered to animals. A comprehensive genomic analysis was performed to elucidate the genetic basis underlying its probiotic potential. Fifteen genomic islands and CRISPR-Cas elements were identified in its genome. Pan-genomic analysis highlighted the dynamic evolution of this species, and clustering based on the nucleotide genomic similarity only partially correlated with the source of isolation or the geographic origin of the strains. Several genes known to confer probiotic properties were identified, including those related to adhesion, resistance to acidic pH and bile salts, tolerance to oxidative stress, metabolism/transport of sugars and other compounds, and genes for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. In silico analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence determinants confirmed the safety of this strain. Moreover, genes related to B-group vitamins biosynthesis and feruloyl esterase hydrolase were also found, showing the nutritional contribution of the strain, which also showed moderate adhesion capability, exopolysaccharide production when grown with sucrose, and the capacity to metabolise 42 out of 95 carbon substrates tested. This data provides the genetic basis for deciphering the mechanisms beyond the benefits demonstrated by its use during cattle intensive raising and confirms its promising role as a probiotic.