Observing Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Ecological Context: Refinement and Validation of the “Arrampi-Care” Monitoring Tool

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex condition characterized by multiple difficulties across motor, cognitive, and socio-relational domains, which impact the daily life of individuals with ASD as well as those they interact with. In this context, physical activity has been shown to offer valuable opportunities for people with ASD. It provides an engaging and supportive environment for children and adolescents to develop core skills in the mentioned domains. The ARRAMPI-CARE project aimed to assess the potential of a structured climbing-based intervention in fostering motor, cognitive, and social skill development in individuals with ASD. A specific observational tool was developed to monitor participants’ performance in motor, cognitive, and emotional–relational domains during climbing-based activities. In this paper, we report how the monitoring tool functioned in a real-world setting and identify the key elements for its improvement and refinement. The refined instrument is intended to provide both reliable monitoring of skill development and practical guidance for instructors, supporting an integrated approach to promoting well-being and participation in individuals with ASD.