Comparing post-deposition and post-metallization annealing treatments on Al2O3/GaN capacitors for different metal gates

Vertical Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) capacitors with an Al2O3 thin film as a gate insulator have been fabricated on homoepitaxial GaN-on-GaN samples. The effect of the annealing treatments on the MIS characteristics has been investigated exploring two different approaches: Post-insulator-Deposition-Annealing (PDA) and Post-gate-Metallization-Annealing (PMA), i.e., annealing on the bare Al2O3 layer and annealing after the gate metallization deposition on Al2O3. The direct comparison between PDA and PMA is crucial to understand the impact of the metal/dielectric interface quality on the behavior of the Al2O3/GaN MIS capacitors. The efficacy of annealing has been monitored as a function of metal gates having different work functions: nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and tantalum (Ta). It has been found that both PDA and PMA approaches are equally able to improve the Al2O3/GaN interface electrical quality. However, the PMA demonstrates an additional beneficial effect on the metal/Al2O3 interface. In particular, the possible chemical reactions activated by the annealing process at the metal/dielectric interface can perturb the known metal/dielectric dipole responsible for Fermi-level pinning phenomena, causing a positive shift of the flat voltage (VFB), which depends on the metal, and approaching the theoretical value in the case of Mo and Ta.